A step-down transformer is an electrical device that reduces the voltage of an alternating current (AC) power supply. It consists of a primary winding, a secondary winding, and an iron core. When an AC voltage is applied to the primary winding, it creates a fluctuating magnetic field in the iron core.
In a step-down transformer, the output voltage is decreased and the step-down transformer will increase the output current to keep the input and output power of the system equal.
A transformer works on the principle of mutual induction. So, when there is a change in the current of one coil, an electric current is also induced in the other coil in its proximity.
Every transformer consists of two coils or winding: primary and secondary. The primary winding is connected to the AC power source and the secondary to the load.
When AC current is provided to the primary winding of the coil, a magnetic flux is generated. Through the transformer core, the magnetic field completes its path.